Hookworm (ancylostoma & necator, CLM)
Human hookworm
Species
Necator americanus: majority of human hookworm cases
Ancylostoma duodenale: Mediterranean region
A.ceylanicum: SE Asia
Host invasion
Larvae (L3) through skin, to circulation to lung, ascend oesophagus and swallowed to GIT where mature to adults and lay eggs
Clinical
Ground itch rash (local pruritic erythematous rash as the site of initial skin invasion)
GI upset
Anaemia (feed on blood of host)
Malnutrition
Diagnosis
Faecal OCP, PCR?
Treatment
Albendazole (72% cure with single dose) or mebendazole (15% cure with single dose) STAT
Iron
Prevention
Sanitation
Shoes
Vaccine under development
Dog/cat hookworm (cutaneous larva migrans)
AKA creeping eruption, is a zoonotic infection with hookworm species that do not use humans as a definitive host (i.e. human is accidental host), the most common being ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma braziliense
Route of infection: skin penetration. Worm burrows into subcutis, cannot penetrate further
Diagnosis
Clinical
Treatment
Albendazole, mebendazole, ivermectin
Prevention
Shoes
References
B: too large for HW, mite egg
