Pathogen

• Gram negative bacillus

Epidemiology

• Endemic and epidemics

• Humans only natural host

• Person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated water or food

Clinical

• Mild (intermittent watery diarrhoea) to severe (frequent bloody stools)

• Complications: toxic megacolon, perforation, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and more...

Diagnosis

• Stool microscopy & culture

Management

• Hydration

• Antibiotics (e.g. ciprofloxacin) for severe disease

Prevention

• Food/hand hygiene

• No vaccine