• Examples

• Virus

Bacterial

• Anthrax:

• Parasitic

• Prion disease

• Do not include:

• Fish and reptile toxins

• Allergies to vertebrates

• Diseases in which animal-derived food served....

• Spectrum of disease severity

• Death: rabies

• Severe illness: plague

• Chronic illness: Q-fever

• Mild illness: ptissacosis

Animal species as source of disease, animal natural host

• Dogs & cats: rabies, roundworm, rignworm, lyme disease (dogs)....

• Food animals: salmonella, E.coli, brucellosis

• Birds

• Reptiles, fish, amphibians

• Wild animals: hantavirus, plague, tularemia

• Pigs: streptococcus suis, taenia, trichinella

Routes of transmission

• Direct:

• Indirect:

Life-cycle

• Orthozoonoses: May be perpetuated in nature by a single vertebrate species e.g. rabies, brucellosis, anthrax e.g. rabies life cycle (skunk)

• Cyclozoonoses: requires more than one vertebrate species but no invertebrate host. Most are cestodiases (tapeworm diseases) e.g. taenia saginata and t.solium.....

• Metazoonoses: requires both vertebrates and invertebrates to complete transmission. All arboviruses. e.g. Life-cycle West Nile virus.... Invertebrate host (mosquito), vertebrate host (birds), incidental hosts (humans, horses, amphibians, other mammals)

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