Around 100 types of microbe can cause acute meningoencephalitis

Bacterial

• Streptococcus pneumonia, streptococcus suis (SE Asia, Pigs)

• Neisseria meningitidis

• Haemophilis influenzae

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Viral

• Viral encephalitis: Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSV): treatable (aciclovir)

• Mosquito-borne (JE, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile fever, Eastern/Western/Venezuelan equine encephalitis)

• Tick-bourne (Tick-borne encephalitis)

• Pigs (Nipah virus encephalitis)

• Enterovirus (cause of aseptic)

Fungal

• Cryptococccus neoformans

Parasitic

• often eosinophilic meningitis e.g: angiostrongylus, gnathostoma

Outbreaks

• Diagnostic approach e.g. direct antigen detection e.g. latex agglutination

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